Names and Types of Instruments Working Under the Principle of Online Analysers
Online analysers operate on the principle of continuous or periodic sample extraction from a
process stream, followed by conditioning and analysis in an external unit. This allows the use of more advanced and precise analytical techniques compared to inline systems.Below is a comprehensive and structured list of instruments that work under the principle of online analysers, categorized by their analytical techniques and applications. This is highly useful for students, industries, laboratories, and researchers.
1. Gas Online Analysers
These instruments continuously extract gas samples and analyze their composition.
Instruments:
Online Oxygen (O₂) Analyser
Online Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Analyser
Online Carbon Monoxide (CO) Analyser
Online Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Analyser
Online Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) Analyser
Online Hydrogen (H₂) Analyser
Online Multi-Component Gas Analyser
Principle:
Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR)
Paramagnetic measurement
Electrochemical sensing
Applications:
Power plants
Oil & gas refineries
Environmental emission monitoring
2. Liquid Online Analysers
These analysers are used for monitoring liquid samples after extraction and conditioning.
Instruments:
Online pH Analyser
Online Conductivity Analyser
Online Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Analyser
Online Turbidity Analyser
Online Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Analyser
Online Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Analyser
Online Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Analyser
Principle:
Electrochemical, optical, or chemical reaction-based measurements.
Applications:
Water and wastewater treatment
Food and beverage industry
Pharmaceutical manufacturing
3. Spectroscopic Online Analysers
These instruments use light-based techniques for precise chemical analysis.
Instruments:
Online UV-Visible Spectrophotometer
Online Infrared (IR) Analyser
Online Near-Infrared (NIR) Analyser
Online Raman Spectrometer
Online Fluorescence Analyser
Principle:
Absorption, emission, or scattering of electromagnetic radiation.
Applications:
Chemical industries
Pharmaceutical quality control
Petrochemical plants
4. Chromatographic Online Analysers
Highly sophisticated instruments used for component separation and analysis.
Instruments:
Online Gas Chromatograph (GC)
Online Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC)
Online Process Chromatography System
Principle:
Separation of components based on interaction with stationary and mobile phases.
Applications:
Oil & gas industry
Petrochemical processing
Environmental laboratories
5. Electrochemical Online Analysers
These instruments rely on electrical signals generated by chemical reactions.
Instruments:
Online Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) Analyser
Online ORP (Oxidation-Reduction Potential) Analyser
Online Electrochemical Gas Sensor
Principle:
Electrochemical potential or current measurement.
Applications:
Water treatment plants
Chemical industries
Environmental monitoring
6. Mass Spectrometry-Based Online Analysers
Used for highly precise and detailed chemical analysis.
Instruments:
Online Mass Spectrometer (MS)
Online Process Mass Spectrometry System
Principle:
Measurement of mass-to-charge ratio of ions.
Applications:
Advanced research laboratories
Petrochemical industries
Pharmaceutical R&D
7. Thermal and Combustion Online Analysers
Used in energy and combustion-related processes.
Instruments:
Online Thermal Conductivity Analyser
Online Calorific Value Analyser
Online Flue Gas Analyser
Principle:
Heat transfer, combustion efficiency, and gas composition measurement.
Applications:
Power plants
Boilers and furnaces
Energy industries
8. Moisture and Humidity Online Analysers
These instruments measure water content in extracted samples.
Instruments:
Online Moisture Analyser (Karl Fischer-based)
Online Humidity Analyser
Online Dew Point Analyser
Principle:
Chemical titration (Karl Fischer)
Capacitance or chilled mirror techniques
Applications:
Natural gas processing
Pharmaceutical production
Food industry
9. Wet Chemical Online Analysers
These analysers perform automated chemical reactions for analysis.
Instruments:
Online Ammonia Analyser
Online Phosphate Analyser
Online Silica Analyser
Online Chlorine Analyser
Online Nitrate/Nitrite Analyser
Principle:
Colorimetric or titration-based chemical reactions.
Applications:
Water and wastewater treatment
Power plants
Environmental monitoring
10. Biological and Biochemical Online Analysers
Used in biotechnology and life sciences.
Instruments:
Online Bioreactor Analyser
Online Glucose Analyser
Online Lactate Analyser
Online Enzyme-Based Analyser
Online Microbial Monitoring System
Principle:
Enzymatic reactions, biosensors, or optical density measurement.
Applications:
Biotechnology industries
Pharmaceutical production
Fermentation processes
Summary Table
| Category | Example Instruments | Principle | Key Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gas | O₂, CO₂, NOx analysers | NDIR, paramagnetic | Oil & Gas, Power |
| Liquid | pH, TOC, COD | Electrochemical | Water treatment |
| Spectroscopic | UV, IR, Raman | Light interaction | Pharma, Chemicals |
| Chromatographic | GC, HPLC | Component separation | Petrochemical |
| Electrochemical | ISE, ORP | Electrical signals | Environment |
| Mass Spectrometry | MS systems | Mass analysis | Research |
| Thermal | Calorific analysers | Heat transfer | Power plants |
| Moisture | KF, Dew point | Chemical/physical | Gas processing |
| Wet Chemical | Ammonia, Silica | Chemical reaction | Water plants |
| Biological | Glucose, Lactate | Enzymatic | Biotech |
Conclusion
Online analysers include a diverse range of instruments that operate on the principle of sample extraction followed by continuous or periodic analysis. These instruments enable:
High-precision monitoring
Advanced analytical techniques
Improved process control
Regulatory compliance
For students and researchers, mastering these instruments provides deep insight into modern analytical science. For industries, they are essential tools for ensuring quality, efficiency, and safety in complex processes.
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